Mentoring in a Dual Career in Sports: Systematic Review

Abstract

Aim. The purpose of this systematic review was to explore and analyze the scientific literature on mentoring in the context of dual careers in sports. This analysis included a detailed examination of the methodologies and approaches employed in mentoring processes, as well as an evaluation of the research outcomes. Special attention was given to how mentor competencies and skills are applied to support athletes in their efforts to successfully manage and integrate their sporting and academic endeavors. The review aimed to identify effective strategies and highlight the critical role of mentoring in facilitating the dual career pathways of athletes, especially within European contexts. This work contributes to understanding the necessary frameworks and support systems required for optimizing dual career outcomes in sports. Research results. All articles emphasize the importance of dual careers in athletes’ lives, reflecting various support mechanisms and approaches. Differences primarily manifest in focus groups (athletes, parents, mentors) and in specific areas of dual careers that are emphasized (psychological support, educational programs, international projects). A common feature is the understanding of the challenges of dual careers and the need for multidimensional support that covers both academic and sport’s needs. The articles cover a wide spectrum of dual career aspects, ranging from psychological support to specific educational programs for athletes and their parents. Emphasis is placed on mentoring as an essential element of support for athletes’ dual careers, highlighting the need for a structured and targeted approach. Support is highlighted as critically important in promoting dual careers, pointing to the necessity for information and resources. International collaboration and funding, especially through the ERASMUS+ program, are emphasized as ways to support dual career initiatives, identifying possible improvements and deficiencies. Conclusions. These articles contribute significantly to the research on dual careers in sports, offering insights into various strategies and practices that can promote successful dual careers for athletes. They indicate that effective support requires an integrated approach that includes both education and sports sectors, as well as the involvement of parents and mentors. Continuous dialogue and the exchange of best practices at the international level are also vital to provide athletes with the necessary resources and support for a dual career in sports.